The electromagnetic force accounts for the rise of the electric charge between the electric and magnetic fields.
The Nuclear force causes the positive charges when together to repel (same as if it was a negative and a negative) and for the opposites positive and negatives to attract.
The Nuclear Force is greater based on the evidence about repeling and attractions between the positive and negative charges (as explained above)
B. Matter
Atoms: Atoms are basically the basic unit of matter with a specific number of protons for each electron. Atoms have a positive charge when they're isolated. This means that the number of electrons will equal the number of protons in an atom.
Elements: Elements are substances that contains entirely of one type of atom.
Compounds: 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Molecules: 2 or more small elements that are chemically bonded.
Ions: Ions are an atom that has been charged due to a different number of protons and electrons.
Radioactivity: Radioactivity is energy that will be released when the atomic nuclei is unstable due to an extra electron on the outer ring.
Isotopes: A proton with the same electrons but a different number of neutrons.
Ions: An atom that is charged due to a different number of electrons and protons.
E. Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds are bonds in which an extra electron is being transferred to another element to complete its rings/level. An example would be Calcium gaining electrons from chlorine.
Covalent bonds are bonds in which electrons are shared between two elements. An examples would be Hydrogen and Hydrogen that has been put to create H2- being put together.
2. Metallic bonds are bonds that occur between metals like iron (Fe) and iron (Fe).
3. Hydrogen Bonds are bonds that the hydorgen bond force is attached/connected to a electronegative elctron and the hydrogen element is of another element is touching the outher electronegative electron of the other element.
4. Van der waals forces are forces that have a slight attraction that occurs between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
The Atom
This is an atom with subatomic particles this atom is boron. This image can be found from http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/atom-diagram/atom-particles1.jpg
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom is the current theory of the atom that states that their are levels in which the electrons are containers. The first level only can contain two electrons. The second level could only contain eight electrons. The levels hypothetically are infinite.
D. Sub-Atomic Particles
Protons: The number of protons in an atom determines the number of electrons. If the number of protons is changed in an atom, a new element is created.
Electrons: The number of electrons in an atom determine the atom's reactivity. If the number of electrons is changed in an atom, an ion is created.
Neutrons: The number of neutrons in an atom determines the stability of the nucleus. If the number if neutrons in an atom is changed, an isotope is created.
F. Water and It's importance to life
Waters molecular structure is polar because it contains an uneven amount of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen elements. Cohesion is the attraction between the molecules of different. Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different molecules.
Water is a universal solvent because any solute that goes into it (in this case salt) it dissolves into the water. As it's dissolving this is called a sloute.
What causes something to become acidic is if it contains a higher concentration of H+Ions in the solutions. In order for it to be basic it has to have a lower concentration of H+Ions in the solution. The pH scale is a scale that tells the concentration of H+ions in a solution. Water is involved in acidity because it has a good amount of H+Ions.
Adhesion and cohesion are in place for waters ability to be able to travel up from roots to leaves of trees because the adhesion and cohesion of the tree is greater than the water molecule.
A solute is a substance that is dissolved when put in water =. A solvent is a substance that occurs when the solute is dissolved in order to create a solution. Water is a universal solvent because any solute that is placed in it dissolves.
A solution is when the solvent is uniformly distributed within the solvent. A suspension is hetergenous mixture in which not all particles are distributed uniformly.
pH is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. An acid contains more H+ ions than OH- ions. A base contains more OH- ions than H+ ions.